Vitellius Coins

Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus

Reign 69 AD – 69 AD
Dynasty Year of Four Emperors
Born 15 AD
Died 69 AD

Aulus Vitellius was acclaimed emperor by the Rhine legions before Otho had even been defeated. An indolent and gluttonous commander by ancient accounts (his appetite is a literary topos in Suetonius), he nonetheless reached Rome after Bedriacum. His reign of eight months ended when the Danubian and Eastern legions declared for Vespasian; Vitellius was captured, tortured, and killed in the streets of Rome.

Vitellius's year demonstrated how swiftly any military bloc could raise and topple an emperor. His coins document a propaganda effort to legitimise his power through appeals to military concordance, the same appeal Galba had failed to sustain. The series is historically important and moderately scarce.

Key Events

2 January 69 AD Lower Rhine legions refused the oath to Galba; proclaimed Vitellius emperor
April 69 AD Vitellian forces defeated Otho at Bedriacum; Otho committed suicide
July 69 AD Danubian and Eastern legions acclaimed Vespasian emperor; second civil war began
October 69 AD Second Battle of Bedriacum: Vitellian forces defeated
December 69 AD Vitellius captured, dragged through Rome, and killed; his body thrown into the Tiber

Coinage

Vitellius struck coinage at Rome and at Lugdunum (Lyon), with some issues from Tarraco. His portrait shows a heavy, fleshy face consistent with ancient descriptions. The reverse types emphasise military loyalty, particularly the CONSENSVS EXERCITVVM (Consensus of the Armies) type, and the bond with the Rhine legions. Some issues explicitly honour individual legions.

Denominations

Aureus Denarius Sestertius Dupondius As

Notable Types

  • CONSENSVS EXERCITVVM (Consensus of the Armies)
  • XV VIR SACR FAC priestly emblems types
  • Legionary types honouring individual Rhine units
  • CONCORDIA PR (Concord of the Roman People)

Common Reverses

CONSENSVS EXERCITVVM LIBERTAS RESTITVTA CONCORDIA PR MARS VICTOR VICTORIA AVGVSTI

Active Mints

Rome Lyon (Lugdunum) Tarraco

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume I (revised), C.H.V. Sutherland
  • The Twelve Caesars, Suetonius (trans. Robert Graves)