Trajan

Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Optimus Augustus Germanicus Dacicus Parthicus

Reign 98 AD – 117 AD
Dynasty Nerva-Antonine
Born 53 AD
Died 117 AD

Born in Hispania, Trajan was the first emperor from the provinces and is regarded as one of the greatest Roman rulers. He expanded the empire to its maximum territorial extent through the conquest of Dacia and Parthia, while investing heavily in public works and social welfare programmes.

Trajan brought the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent and was posthumously honoured by the Senate as Optimus Princeps, the best of rulers. Subsequent emperors measured themselves against his standard, with the Senate wishing each new emperor to be 'luckier than Augustus and better than Trajan.'

Key Events

101 AD First Dacian War begins
106 AD Conquest of Dacia completed; kingdom annexed as a province
107 AD Celebrated triumph with 123 days of games; Dacian gold floods Rome
113 AD Trajan's Column dedicated, depicting the Dacian campaigns in spiral relief
114 AD Parthian campaign begins; Armenia and Mesopotamia annexed
117 AD Died at Selinus in Cilicia while returning from the East; empire at maximum extent

Coinage

Trajan's coinage is prolific, reflecting his military conquests and ambitious building programmes. The Dacian War types and the famous Column sestertii are highly prized. Dacian gold substantially improved the fineness of his aurei, and his portrait is among the most recognizable in the Roman series.

Denominations

Aureus Denarius Sestertius Dupondius As Quadrans

Notable Types

  • Dacian captive types
  • Trajan's Column sestertius
  • Via Traiana types
  • Arabia Adquisita
  • REX PARTHIS DATVS denarius

Common Reverses

DAC CAP SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI FORVM TRAIAN VIA TRAIANA ARAB ADQ COS V P P SPQR OPTIMO PRINC

Active Mints

Rome

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume II — Harold Mattingly & Edward A. Sydenham
  • Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700 — Kenneth W. Harl