Maximinus Daia

Imperator Caesar Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Augustus

Reign 310 AD – 313 AD
Dynasty Tetrarchy
Born c. 270 AD
Died 313 AD

Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus, called Daia to distinguish him from other Maximini, was Galerius's nephew, appointed Caesar of the East in 305. He promoted himself to Augustus without formal sanction in 310. One of the most zealous persecutors of Christians in Roman history, he continued anti-Christian policies even after Galerius's Edict of Serdica in 311. He was finally defeated by Licinius at the Battle of Tzirallum in 313 and died fleeing, possibly by suicide or from wounds.

Maximinus Daia is a historically important figure as the most persistent persecutor of Christians among the Tetrarchs, continuing attacks even as his colleagues moved toward toleration. His defeat by Licinius opened the way for the eventual Christianisation of the empire. His coinage is historically charged and regularly available from eastern mints.

Key Events

305 AD Appointed Caesar of the East by Galerius
310 AD Self-proclaimed Augustus after Constantine and Maxentius had already done so
311 AD Issued propaganda rescripts attacking Christians even as Galerius issued his toleration edict
313 AD Invaded Thrace against Licinius; decisively defeated at the Battle of Tzirallum
313 AD Fled east; died at Tarsus, possibly by poison, suicide, or battle wounds

Coinage

The coinage of Maximinus Daia is plentiful as he controlled the wealthy eastern mints for several years. His portrait evolves from a conventional Tetrarchic type toward a more individualised image. The GENIO AVGVSTI and IOVI CONSERVATORI types dominate. Some issues include explicitly anti-Christian imagery or inscriptions, making them documents of the persecution. His Egyptian issues from Alexandria are particularly distinctive.

Denominations

Aureus Follis Reduced follis Tetradrachm (Alexandria)

Notable Types

  • GENIO AVGVSTI (Genius of the Emperor)
  • IOVI CONSERVATORI types
  • MARTI CONSERVATORI types
  • Egyptian tetradrachms from Alexandria

Common Reverses

GENIO AVGVSTI IOVI CONSERVATORI MARTI CONSERVATORI SOLI INVICTO

Active Mints

Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch Alexandria Thessalonica

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume VI, C.H.V. Sutherland
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume IV, David R. Sear