Johannes

Imperator Caesar Johannes Augustus

Reign 423 AD – 425 AD
Dynasty Theodosian
Born unknown
Died 425 AD

Johannes (John) was chief notary of the western court when Honorius died in 423 without an heir. The western establishment, unwilling to accept the eastern court's candidate, proclaimed Johannes emperor. He was never recognised by Theodosius II, who sent an eastern army to install the young Valentinian III. Johannes's general Aetius arrived too late with a Hunnic force to save him; Johannes was captured, mutilated, and publicly executed at Aquileia.

Johannes illustrates the western court's continuing capacity to assert independence from Constantinople. His reign is primarily significant as the context for the young Aetius's emergence; Aetius went to the Huns for help and would return to dominate the West for a generation. Coins of Johannes are scarce but appear in specialist late Roman sales.

Key Events

423 AD Proclaimed emperor by the western court after Honorius's death
423–425 AD Ruled effectively in Italy; never recognised by Theodosius II in the East
425 AD Eastern forces under Ardaburius captured Ravenna; Johannes taken prisoner
425 AD Mutilated and publicly executed at Aquileia; Valentinian III installed

Coinage

The coinage of Johannes is rare, struck at Ravenna and Rome during his two-year reign. His types follow the standard late western formula. His portrait is that of a civilian functionary rather than a military man, clean-shaven with an administrative bearing. Solidi and siliquae are the surviving denominations.

Denominations

Solidus Siliqua

Notable Types

  • VICTORIA ROMANORVM types
  • SALVS REIPVBLICAE types

Common Reverses

VICTORIA ROMANORVM SALVS REIPVBLICAE

Active Mints

Ravenna Rome

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume X, J.P.C. Kent
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume V, David R. Sear