Galba Coins

Servius Galba Imperator Caesar Augustus

Reign 68 AD – 69 AD
Dynasty Year of Four Emperors
Born 3 BC
Died 69 AD

Servius Sulpicius Galba was governor of Hispania Tarraconensis when he rose in revolt against Nero in 68 AD, becoming the first of the four emperors of that tumultuous year. Aged and austere, his refusal to pay the Praetorian Guard the promised donative sealed his fate. He was murdered in the Roman Forum after a reign of just seven months, his death setting the precedent that emperors could be made outside Rome.

Galba demonstrated that emperors could be made outside Rome by provincial armies, a revelation Tacitus encapsulated as the 'secret of empire'. His failure showed that without military loyalty, especially the Praetorian Guard, no emperor could survive. His coins mark a decisive rupture in the Julio-Claudian visual programme.

Key Events

68 AD Declared himself legate of the Senate and People of Rome following Vindex's revolt
68 AD Nero's suicide ended the Julio-Claudian dynasty; Galba advanced on Rome
68 AD Entered Rome and was accepted as emperor by the Senate
69 AD Adopted Piso Licinianus as his heir, alienating Otho who had expected the honour
15 January 69 AD Murdered by the Praetorian Guard in the Forum Romanum at Otho's instigation

Coinage

Galba's coinage is of exceptional historical interest as the first imperial issue outside the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Struck at Rome, Lyon, and Spanish mints, it includes striking types celebrating libertas and the restoration of Rome. His portrait, depicting a thin-faced, elderly man, is among the most realistic in Roman portraiture.

Denominations

Aureus Denarius Sestertius Dupondius As

Notable Types

  • LIBERTAS PVBLICA types celebrating liberation from Nero
  • HISPANIA types with the personification of Spain
  • Roma Restituta types
  • SPQR OB CS (for saving citizens) types

Common Reverses

LIBERTAS PVBLICA HISPANIA SPQR OB CS ROMA RENASCENS PAX AVGVSTI DIVA AVGVSTA

Active Mints

Rome Lyon (Lugdunum) Tarraco Carthago Nova

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume I (revised), C.H.V. Sutherland
  • The Histories, Tacitus (trans. W.H. Fyfe)