Constantine II

Imperator Caesar Flavius Claudius Constantinus Augustus

Reign 337 AD – 340 AD
Dynasty Constantinian
Born 316 AD
Died 340 AD

Flavius Claudius Constantinus, the eldest son of Constantine I, was raised to Caesar in 317 and received Gaul, Britain, and Spain in the division of the empire after his father's death in 337. Resentful that his younger brother Constans had received a larger share of the West, he invaded Italy in 340 but was ambushed and killed near Aquileia. His death left Constans sole ruler of the West.

Constantine II's brief sole reign is best understood through his coins, plentiful in his Caesar years, then quickly superseded by his brothers' issues after 340. His GLORIA EXERCITVS types, shared with Constans and Constantius II, are among the most commonly encountered late Roman coins.

Key Events

317 AD Raised to Caesar by his father Constantine I
332 AD Successful campaign against the Visigoths; earned the title Gothicus
337 AD Became Augustus after Constantine I's death; received western provinces
340 AD Invaded Italy to take Constans's territories; ambushed and killed near Aquileia

Coinage

Constantine II's coinage is plentiful as Caesar and moderately common as Augustus. The GLORIA EXERCITVS (Glory of the Army) type, soldiers flanking one or two military standards, is the defining reverse of the sons of Constantine. His portrait as Augustus, showing a diademed, draped bust, follows the Constantinian style established by his father.

Denominations

Solidus Siliqua Nummus (Follis) AE3 AE4

Notable Types

  • GLORIA EXERCITVS (one standard variant, the more common of the two)
  • VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN (Victories of our two Emperors and Caesars)
  • VOT V / VOT X commemorative types

Common Reverses

GLORIA EXERCITVS VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN PAX PVBLICA

Active Mints

Trier (Augusta Treverorum) Arles (Arelate) Lyon (Lugdunum) Rome Aquileia Siscia Thessalonica Constantinople

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume VIII, J.P.C. Kent
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume IV, David R. Sear