Severus II

Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus

Reign 306 AD – 307 AD
Dynasty Tetrarchy
Born c. 270 AD
Died 307 AD

Flavius Valerius Severus was a general and drinking companion of Galerius, appointed Caesar of the West in 305 and elevated to Augustus on the death of Constantius Chlorus in 306. He was immediately tasked with suppressing the revolt of Maxentius in Rome, but his troops, many of them loyal to Maximian, deserted to Maxentius when Maximian came out of retirement to support his son. Severus was captured at Ravenna, initially kept as a hostage, and then executed when Constantine marched on Rome.

Severus II is a historically minor but numismatically interesting figure: his failure demonstrated that Tetrarchic appointments could not override personal military loyalties. His coins as Augustus are scarce enough to be genuine finds in specialist collections.

Key Events

305 AD Appointed Caesar of the West in the second Tetrarchy
306 AD Elevated to Augustus of the West after Constantius Chlorus's death at York
306 AD Marched against Maxentius but his troops deserted to Maximian; retreated to Ravenna
307 AD Surrendered; held as hostage; executed when Maximian changed allegiance to Constantine

Coinage

The coinage of Severus II as Augustus is scarce, reflecting his brief and unsuccessful reign. His issues as Caesar are more plentiful. The FIDES MILITVM, GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, and IOVI CONSERVATORI types follow the Tetrarchic template. The gap between his propaganda of military loyalty and the reality of his troops' desertion is one of history's sharper ironies.

Denominations

Aureus Follis

Notable Types

  • FIDES MILITVM (Faith of the Armies), ironic given his troops' desertion
  • GENIO POPVLI ROMANI types (as Caesar)
  • IOVI CONSERVATORI types

Common Reverses

FIDES MILITVM GENIO POPVLI ROMANI IOVI CONSERVATORI

Active Mints

Milan Ticinum Rome Aquileia Siscia Carthage

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume VI, C.H.V. Sutherland
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume IV, David R. Sear