Macrinus Coins

Imperator Caesar Marcus Opellius Macrinus Augustus

Reign 217 AD – 218 AD
Dynasty Severan
Born 165 AD
Died 218 AD

Marcus Opellius Macrinus was Praetorian Prefect under Caracalla and the instigator of Caracalla's murder, apparently because he had learned that Caracalla intended to have him executed. He thus became the first emperor who was not a member of the senatorial class, and the first to become emperor without ever having held senatorial rank. His attempt to make peace with Parthia on unfavourable terms alienated the legions, and the eastern army's enthusiasm for Elagabalus, presenting himself as Caracalla's son, proved Macrinus's undoing.

Macrinus broke the senatorial monopoly on the throne, demonstrating that military command rather than birth or status was the true qualification for the office. His brief reign is also remembered for the co-emperor Diadumenianus, whose coins are somewhat scarcer and of considerable collector interest.

Key Events

8 April 217 AD Caracalla murdered near Carrhae; Macrinus was behind the conspiracy
217 AD Proclaimed emperor by the army, the first equestrian to hold the office
217 AD Agreed a costly peace with Parthia, paying an indemnity seen as humiliating
218 AD Legions of Syria acclaimed Elagabalus, allegedly the illegitimate son of Caracalla
8 June 218 AD Defeated at the Battle of Antioch; captured and executed along with his son Diadumenianus

Coinage

Macrinus struck coinage at Rome, and also issued coins for his son Diadumenianus as Caesar. His portrait is distinctive for showing a full beard despite not being of the imperial family, a deliberate imitation of the philosopher-emperor image. The reverses emphasise Felicitas, Securitas, and the traditional virtues of imperial governance, projecting a stability his reign never achieved.

Denominations

Aureus Denarius Antoninianus Sestertius As

Notable Types

  • Joint types with Diadumenianus as Caesar
  • FELICITAS TEMPORVM types
  • SALVS PVBLICA types
  • Priestly emblems (PONTIF MAX types)

Common Reverses

FELICITAS TEMPORVM SALVS PVBLICA SECVRITAS TEMPORVM PROVIDENTIA DEORVM PONTIF MAX TR P COS

Active Mints

Rome Antioch

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume IV, Part II, Harold Mattingly & Edward A. Sydenham
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume II, David R. Sear