Gordian II

Imperator Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Africanus Junior Augustus

Reign 238 AD – 238 AD
Dynasty Crisis of Third Century
Born c. 192 AD
Died 238 AD

Gordian II was the son and co-emperor of Gordian I. A man of scholarly inclinations (ancient sources credit him with a vast library and literary output), he commanded the battle against Capelianus, governor of Numidia and the only provincial governor who remained loyal to Maximinus. Capelianus commanded the experienced Legio III Augusta; Gordian II had only a militia. He was killed in the rout outside Carthage after a reign of approximately twenty-one days, the shortest reign of any principal Roman emperor.

Gordian II holds the record for the shortest reign of any principal Roman emperor. His coins are extraordinary rarities; only a handful of aurei in his name are known. Collectors who acquire even a denarius can claim one of the rarest coins in the standard Roman Imperial sequence.

Key Events

238 AD Proclaimed joint emperor with his father Gordian I
238 AD Led the African militia against Capelianus and Legio III Augusta near Carthage
238 AD Killed in the battle; his death prompted his father's suicide

Coinage

The coinage of Gordian II is equally rare to that of Gordian I and in some denominations rarer still. All issues were struck jointly with his father at Rome. His portrait, showing a younger bearded man, is distinguishable from his father's in degree of age. The joint AVGG legends on reverses are the primary identifier.

Denominations

Aureus Denarius Sestertius

Notable Types

  • VICTORIA AVGG types (joint with Gordian I)
  • PROVIDENTIA AVGG types
  • Rare individual portrait types

Common Reverses

VICTORIA AVGG PROVIDENTIA AVGG ROMAE AETERNAE

Active Mints

Rome

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume IV, Part III, Harold Mattingly & Edward A. Sydenham
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume III, David R. Sear