Eugenius

Imperator Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus

Reign 392 AD – 394 AD
Dynasty Theodosian
Born c. 350 AD
Died 394 AD

Flavius Eugenius was a rhetorician and Christian who was nonetheless elevated by the powerful Frankish general Arbogast after Valentinian II's death in 392. Arbogast, who could not claim the throne himself as a barbarian, used Eugenius as a front. Eugenius revived pagan worship and restored the Altar of Victory to appease the senatorial aristocracy. Theodosius defeated them at the Battle of the Frigidus in 394, a battle famous for the miraculous Bora wind that aided the Christian forces. Eugenius was captured and executed.

The Battle of the Frigidus was interpreted by Christian writers as a divine judgement; the miraculous wind as God's intervention for Theodosius. It effectively ended the last organised pagan resistance within the Roman imperial system. Coins of Eugenius are scarce but not impossibly rare for the solidus and siliqua denominations.

Key Events

392 AD Proclaimed emperor by Arbogast after Valentinian II's death
392–394 AD Restored the Altar of Victory in the Senate House; revived pagan practices
394 AD Battle of the Frigidus: Theodosius won after a Bora wind destroyed Eugenius's front line
6 September 394 AD Executed after capture; Arbogast committed suicide two days later

Coinage

The coinage of Eugenius is rare. Struck at Trier, Arles, Milan, and Aquileia over two years, his types follow the standard late Roman formula: VICTORIA AVGG, SPES REIPVBLICAE, and VOT V MVLT X. His portrait shows a clean-shaven civilian face, quite different from the military emperors who preceded him, a visual echo of his civil background.

Denominations

Solidus Siliqua AE2

Notable Types

  • VICTORIA AVGG types
  • SPES REIPVBLICAE types
  • VOT V MVLT X siliqua types

Common Reverses

VICTORIA AVGG SPES REIPVBLICAE VOT V MVLT X

Active Mints

Trier (Augusta Treverorum) Arles (Arelate) Milan Aquileia

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume IX, J.W.E. Pearce
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume V, David R. Sear