Constantius II

Imperator Caesar Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus

Reign 337 AD – 361 AD
Dynasty Constantinian
Born 317 AD
Died 361 AD

Flavius Julius Constantius, the middle son of Constantine I, ruled the East from 337 and became sole emperor in 353 after defeating the usurper Magnentius. His long reign of 24 years was marked by constant conflict: against Persia in the East, Germanic tribes in the West, and usurpers throughout. His promotion of Arianism brought him into sharp conflict with Nicene bishops including Athanasius and Hilary of Poitiers. He died on campaign against his cousin Julian, who he had himself appointed Caesar.

Constantius II's FEL TEMP REPARATIO 'falling horseman' type is among the most widely collected late Roman coins: affordable, plentiful, well-struck, and historically rich. His long reign documents the gradual Christianisation of the imperial coinage and administration; the last vestiges of pagan imagery disappear under his rule.

Key Events

337 AD Became Augustus of the East after Constantine I's death; received the eastern provinces
350 AD Magnentius murdered Constans; Constantius II marched west
351 AD Decisive victory over Magnentius at the Battle of Mursa Major, one of the bloodiest battles in Roman history
353 AD Became sole emperor after Magnentius committed suicide
355 AD Appointed his cousin Julian as Caesar of the West
361 AD Died of fever at Mopsuestia while marching against the now-rebellious Julian

Coinage

The coinage of Constantius II is among the most varied and plentiful of any late Roman emperor, spanning 24 years across both eastern and western mints. The FEL TEMP REPARATIO series, particularly the 'falling horseman' type (emperor spearing a fallen horseman), is one of the most iconic and frequently collected of all late Roman reverse types. The SPES REIPVBLICAE (Hope of the State) and GLORIA REIPVBLICAE types are also common.

Denominations

Solidus Siliqua Maiorina (AE2) AE3 AE4

Notable Types

  • FEL TEMP REPARATIO: falling horseman (the iconic type)
  • FEL TEMP REPARATIO: galley type
  • FEL TEMP REPARATIO: soldier spearing fallen horseman from horse
  • SPES REIPVBLICAE types
  • VOT XX MVLT XXX solidus types

Common Reverses

FEL TEMP REPARATIO SPES REIPVBLICAE GLORIA REIPVBLICAE VOT XX MVLT XXX GLORIA EXERCITVS

Active Mints

Rome Aquileia Milan Siscia Sirmium Thessalonica Heraclea Constantinople Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch Alexandria Trier (Augusta Treverorum) Arles (Arelate)

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volumes VII–VIII, Patrick M. Bruun & J.P.C. Kent
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volumes IV–V, David R. Sear