Constantius Chlorus

Imperator Caesar Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus

Reign 305 AD – 306 AD
Dynasty Tetrarchy
Born c. 250 AD
Died 306 AD

Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius, called Chlorus ('the Pale') in later tradition, was Caesar under Maximian in the first Tetrarchy and its most respected military commander. He recovered Britain from the usurper Allectus in 296 and stabilised the Rhine frontier. On the abdications of 305, he became senior Augustus of the West. He crossed to Britain for a northern campaign and died at Eboracum (York) in 306. At his bedside was his son Constantine, who was immediately acclaimed emperor by the troops.

Constantius Chlorus's recovery of Britain established the Roman province's security for another century. His death at York made it the most historically significant city in Britain's Roman history; it was the birthplace of Constantine the Great's imperial career. The London mint issues of his reign are particularly prized by British numismatic collectors.

Key Events

293 AD Appointed Caesar of the West under Maximian in the first Tetrarchy
296 AD Recovered Britain from the usurper Allectus; entered London in triumph
305 AD Elevated to Augustus of the West on the abdications of Diocletian and Maximian
306 AD Crossed to Britain for a campaign against the Picts; died at York
306 AD Constantine acclaimed emperor by the troops at his deathbed

Coinage

The coinage of Constantius Chlorus as Caesar and brief Augustus is among the finest of the Tetrarchic period. The British mint at London (Londinium), reopened under him, produced some particularly crisp folles. The GENIO POPVLI ROMANI type dominates, but the BRITANNIA types commemorating his recovery of Britain are historically significant. His portrait is consistently among the most distinguished in the Tetrarchic series.

Denominations

Aureus Argenteus Follis Radiate fraction

Notable Types

  • GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (predominant Tetrarchic type)
  • ADVENTVS AVG commemorating arrival in Britain
  • BRITANNIA types from London mint
  • FELIX ADVENT AVGG NN types

Common Reverses

GENIO POPVLI ROMANI ADVENTVS AVG FELIX ADVENT AVGG NN SACRA MONET AVGG

Active Mints

London (Londinium) Trier (Augusta Treverorum) Lyon (Lugdunum) Ticinum Aquileia Siscia

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume VI, C.H.V. Sutherland
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume IV, David R. Sear