Claudius

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

Reign 41 AD – 54 AD
Dynasty Julio-Claudian
Born 10 BC
Died 54 AD

Proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard after Caligula's assassination, Claudius confounded expectations of incompetence with effective administration and the conquest of Britain. Despite a physical disability that had kept him from public life, he proved a capable ruler who expanded Roman citizenship and infrastructure.

Claudius oversaw the first major expansion of the empire since Augustus, bringing Britain into the Roman world. His administrative reforms, including the expansion of the imperial bureaucracy and Roman citizenship, had lasting effects on the structure of the empire.

Key Events

41 AD Found hiding behind a curtain by the Praetorian Guard and proclaimed emperor
43 AD Successful invasion and conquest of Britain
48 AD Execution of his wife Messalina for conspiracy
49 AD Marriage to Agrippina the Younger; adoption of her son Nero
54 AD Death, possibly poisoned by Agrippina with mushrooms

Coinage

Claudian coinage celebrates his unexpected rise and military achievements, particularly the conquest of Britain. His DE BRITANN types are major collector pieces, and his extensive bronze coinage circulated widely across the western provinces.

Denominations

Aureus Denarius Sestertius Dupondius As Quadrans

Notable Types

  • DE BRITANN triumphal arch types
  • Praetorian camp sestertius (IMPER RECEPT)
  • Nero Claudius Drusus commemorative

Common Reverses

DE BRITANN IMPER RECEPT SPES AVGVSTA PACI AVGVSTAE CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI LIBERTAS AVGVSTA

Active Mints

Rome Ephesus (early) Caesarea in Cappadocia

Further Reading

  • The Twelve Caesars — Suetonius (trans. Robert Graves)
  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume I (revised) — C.H.V. Sutherland