Carus

Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Carus Augustus

Reign 282 AD – 283 AD
Dynasty Crisis of Third Century
Born c. 230 AD
Died 283 AD

Marcus Aurelius Carus was Praetorian Prefect when he was acclaimed emperor after Probus's murder. He immediately raised his sons Carinus and Numerian to Caesar, signalling a dynastic ambition the Senate had to accept. He campaigned successfully on the Danube and then invaded Persia, capturing Ctesiphon, a rare Roman achievement. He died during the Persian campaign, reportedly struck by lightning, though contemporaries suspected foul play. His death cut short what might have been a transformative eastern campaign.

Carus came closer to a decisive defeat of Persia than any Roman emperor since Trajan, capturing Ctesiphon and advancing beyond the Tigris. His sudden death denied Rome the fruits of that campaign. His dynasty, the Cari, lasted barely three years but produced three emperors whose coinage forms a natural collecting sequence.

Key Events

282 AD Probus murdered by his troops; Carus, Praetorian Prefect, acclaimed emperor
282 AD Sons Carinus and Numerian raised to Caesar; Carinus left to govern the West
283 AD Carus campaigned on the Danube, winning victories against the Quadi and Sarmatians
283 AD Invaded Persia; captured Ctesiphon, the Sasanian capital, without major battle
283 AD Died in his tent during the Persian campaign; officially from lightning, possibly murdered

Coinage

The coinage of Carus is issued from multiple mints and is moderately available, though not common. His portrait, compact, bearded, with the close-cropped style of the Illyrian emperors, continues the aesthetic of his predecessors. The FELICITAS REIPVBLICAE and VICTORIA EXERCITI reverses mark his military programme. Joint issues with Carinus and Numerian are also known.

Denominations

Aureus Antoninianus

Notable Types

  • FELICITAS REIPVBLICAE types
  • VICTORIA EXERCITI types
  • Joint types with Carinus and Numerian
  • SAECVLI FELICITAS types

Common Reverses

FELICITAS REIPVBLICAE VICTORIA EXERCITI AETERNIT IMPER PAX EXERCITI PROVIDENTIA AVGG

Active Mints

Rome Ticinum Siscia Serdica Cyzicus Antioch

Further Reading

  • Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume V, Part II, Percy H. Webb
  • Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume III, David R. Sear